Beryllium
Main page |
| Other names/abbreviations: | Be Glucinium Glucinum |
| Element no: | 4 |
| Element group: | 2 (IUPAC) II A (American labelling) II A (European labelling) Alkaline earth metals |
| Element type: | Metals |
| CAS-Number: | 7440-41-7 |
| EINECS-Number: | 231-150-7 |
Quantitative analysis
Method 3500-Be C Inductively Coupled Plasma Method [1]. A portion of the sample is digested in a combination of acids. The digest is aspirated into an 8,000 K argon plasma where resulting light emission is quantified for 30 elements simultaneously.Method limit of detection in water = 0.001 mg/L
Method limit of detection in soil = 0.10 mg/kg
Safety
Symbol: T+R-phrases: 49-25-26-36/37/38-43-48/23
S-phrases: 53-45
Physical properties
Appearance | ||
| Physical state @ 20°C: | Solid [4,5] | |
| Color: | Steel grey [4,5] | |
| Odor: | Odourless [5] | |
Appearance | ||
| Physical state @ 20°C: | 9.012182(3) [2] | |
| Melting point (°C): | 1289 [2] | |
| Boiling point (°C): | 2472 [2] | |
| Density (g/cm3): | 1.848 [2] | |
| Molar volume (cm3): | 4.90 (20 °C) [3] | |
| Elastic properties: Young's modulus (GPa): Rigidity modulus (GPa): Bulk modulus (GPa): Poisson ratio: |
293-318 [3] 147-156 [3] 110 [3] 0.07 [3] | |
| Hardnesses: Mineral hardness: |
5.5 [3] | |
Thermodynamic properties | ||
| ΔfH°gas (kJ/mol): | 324 (Monoatomic) [2] | |
| ΔfH°solid (kJ/mol): | 0.0 [4] | |
| ΔH°fusion (kJ/mol): | 15 [2] 7.90 [4] | |
| ΔH°vaporization (kJ/mol): | 309 [2] | |
| S°gas (J/K·mol): | 136.3 [4] | |
| S°solid (J/K·mol): | 9.5 [4] | |
| ΔfG°gas (kJ/mol): | 286.6 [4] | |
| ΔfG°gas (kJ/mol): | 0 [6] | |
| Cp (gas) (J/K·mol): | 20.8 (25 °C) [4] | |
| Cp (solid) (J/K·mol): | 17.728 (20 °C) [3] 16.443 (25 °C) [4] 18.672 (100 °C) [3] 19.879 (200 °C) [3] 21.086 (300 °C) [3] 23.500 (500 °C) [3] 25.914 (700 °C) [3] | |
| Coeff. of linear thermal expansion (106 K-1): | 12.0 (20 °C) [3] 11.3 (25 °C) [4] 12.0 (100 °C) [3] 13.0 (200 °C) [3] 14.5 (300 °C) [3] 16.0 (500 °C) [3] 19.0 (700 °C) [3] | |
Crystal structure | ||
| Crystal type: | HCP [3] | |
Electronic properties | ||
 |
Electron configuration: | 1s2-2s2 |
| Ionic radius (Å): | 0.27 [2] | |
Conductivity | ||
| e°(V): | -1.97 [2] | |
| Electrical resisitvity (μΩ·cm): | 3.30 (20 °C) [3] 3.76 (25 °C) [3] 5.30 (100 °C) [3] 10.50 (200 °C) [3] 11.10 (300 °C) [3] 21.80 (500 °C) [3] 26.00 (700 °C) [3] | |
| Thermal (W/m·K): | 180 (20 °C) [3] 200 (27 °C) [4] 152 (100 °C) [3] 130.2 (200 °C) [3] 117.7 (300 °C) [3] 103 (500 °C) [3] 85.8 (700 °C) [3] | |
History
DiscoveryBeryllium was discovered by Nicholas Louis Vauquelin in 1798 in beryl and emeralds. The metal was not isolated until 1828 by Friederich Wöhler and Antoine Alexandre Brutus Bussy, independent of each other, by the action of potassium on BeCl2 [4].
Origin of name
From Greek "beryllos" meaning beryl, glucinium/glucinum from Greek "glycos" meaning sweet [4].
References
1: Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater, APHA, 1992, 18th edition2: Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. Chemistry of the elements
2nd edition (1997) Edited by Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. pp. 1-1340, Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford. Great Britain
3: Buch,A. Pure Metals Properties. A Scientific-Technical Handbook
1st edition (1999) Edited by Buch,A. pp. 1-306, ASM International and Freund Publishing House Ltd. Ohio. USA
4: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
75th edition (1994) Edited by Lide,D.R. , CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, USA
5: Merck. ChemDAT The Merck Chemical Database Ver. 1.1.5
6: General chemistry
7th edition (1984) Edited by Holtzclaw, Jr.,H.F., Robinson,W.R. & Nebergall,W.H. pp. 1-932. D.C. Heath and Company. Lexington
© Michael Pilgaard
Created: May 5, 2008
Last update: October 8, 2008