Pilgaard Solutions

Carbon


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Other names/abbreviations: C



Element no: 6
Element group: 14 (IUPAC)
IV A (American labelling)
IV B (European labelling)
Element type: Nonmetals
CAS-Number: 7782-42-5
EINECS-Number: 231-955-3



Chemical properties

Solubility
Water: Insoluble (20 °C) (graphite) [3]


Safety

Symbol: -
R-phrases: -
S-phrases: -


Physical properties

Appearance

Physical state @ 20°C: Solid [3]
Color: Can exist as either black graphite [3], (known as charcoal in the powdered form) or as the colourless gem diamond. Color is variable and tends toward pale yellows, browns, grays, and also white, blue, black, reddish, greenish and colorless.
Odor: Odourless as graphite [3]


Bulk properties

Molecular weight (g/mol): 12.0107(8) [1]
Melting point (°C): 4492 (Triple point) [2]
3800 (graphite) [3]
Boiling point (°C): 3825 (Sublimation) [2]
Density (g/cm3): 3.514 [1]
2.2 (Graphite, 20 °C) [3]


Optical properties

Refractive index: Diamond: 2.4173 [2]


Thermodynamic properties

ΔfH°gas (kJ/mol): 716.7 (diamond) [2]
ΔfH°solid (kJ/mol): 0.0 (graphite) [2]
1.9 (diamond) [2]
ΔH°fusion (kJ/mol): 104.60 [2]


S°gas (J/K·mol): 158.1 (diamond) [2]
S°solid (J/K·mol): 5.7 (graphite) [2]
2.4 (diamond) [2]


ΔfG°gas (kJ/mol): 671.3 (diamond) [2]
ΔfG°solid (kJ/mol): 2.9 (diamond) [2]


Cp (gas) (J/K·mol): 20.8 (diamond, 25 °C) [2]
Cp (solid) (J/K·mol): 8.517 (graphite, 25 °C) [2]
6.1 (diamond, 25 °C) [2]


Electronic properties

Electron configuration: 1s2-2s2-2p2
Ionic radius (Å): C(IV): 15 [3]


Conductivity

Electrical resisitvity (μΩ·cm): 108-1010 [1]



History

Origin of name
From Latin "carbo" meaning charcoal [2].


References

1: Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. Chemistry of the elements
2nd edition (1997) Edited by Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. pp. 1-1340, Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford. Great Britain

2: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
75th edition (1994) Edited by Lide,D.R. , CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, USA

3: Merck. ChemDAT The Merck Chemical Database Ver. 1.1.5







© Michael Pilgaard
Created: September 25, 2008
Last update: October 10, 2008