Lithium

Main page

Chemistry • Periodic table • Polymers • Organic compounds • Inorganic compounds • R/S-phrases

Education • Main page • Innovation in R&D

The site • Disclaimer • About the site • Site history

Other names/abbreviations:

Li

Element no:	3
Element group:	1 (IUPAC) I A (American labelling) I A (European labelling) Alkali metals
Element type:	Metals
CAS-Number:	7439-93-2
EINECS-Number:	231-102-5

Quantitative analysis

Method 3500-Li C Inductively Coupled Plasma Method [1]. A portion of the sample is digested in a combination of acids. The digest is aspirated into an 8,000 K argon plasma where resulting light emission is quantified for 30 elements simultaneously.

Method limit of detection in water = 0.01 mg/L
Method limit of detection in soil = 2.00 mg/kg

Safety

Symbol: F, C
R-phrases: 14/15-34
S-phrases: 8-43-45

Physical properties

Appearance
	Physical state @ 20°C:	Solid [4]
	Color:	Silvery [4]

Bulk properties
	Molecular weight (g/mol):	6.941(2) [2]
	Melting point (°C):	180.6 [2]
	Boiling point (°C):	1342 [2]
	Density (g/cm3):	0.534 [2]
	Molar volume (cm3):	13.00 (20 °C) [3]
	Elastic properties: Young's modulus (GPa): Rigidity modulus (GPa): Bulk modulus (GPa): Poisson ratio:	4.9 [3] 4.24 [3] 2.56 [3] 0.36 [3]
	Hardnesses: Mineral hardness:	0.6 [3]

Thermodynamic properties
	ΔfH°gas (kJ/mol):	159.3 (monoatomic) [5] 215.9 (Li2) [5]
	ΔfH°solid (kJ/mol):	0.0 [5]
	ΔH°fusion (kJ/mol):	2.93 [2] 3.00 [5]
	ΔH°vaporization (kJ/mol):	148 [2]
	S°gas (J/K·mol):	138.8 [5] 197.0 (Li2) [5]
	S°solid (J/K·mol):	29.1 [5]
	ΔfG°gas (kJ/mol):	126.6 (Li) [5] 174.4 (Li2) [5]
	Cp (gas) (J/K·mol):	20.8 (monoatomic, 25 °C) [5] 36.1 (Li2, 25 °C) [5]
	Cp (solid) (J/K·mol):	22.921 [3] 24.860 (monoatomic, 25 °C) [5]
	Coeff. of linear thermal expansion (106 K-1):	46 (25 °C) [5]

Crystal structure
	Crystal type:	Body centered cubic [3]

Electronic properties
	Electron configuration:	1s2-2s1
	Atomic radius (Å):	1.52 [6]
	Ionic radius (Å):	0.76 [2]
	Electron affinity [M-M-] (kJ/mol):	59.8 [2]

Conductivity
	e°(V):	Li(I)/Li: -3.045 [2]
	Electrical resisitvity (μΩ·cm):	9.29 (20 °C) [3] 9.55 (25 °C) [3]
	Thermal (W/m·K):	84.7 (25 °C) [5]

References

1: Standard Methods for the Analysis of Water and Wastewater, APHA, 1992, 18th edition

2: Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. Chemistry of the elements
2nd edition (1997) Edited by Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. pp. 1-1340, Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford. Great Britain

3: Buch,A. Pure Metals Properties. A Scientific-Technical Handbook
1st edition (1999) Edited by Buch,A. pp. 1-306, ASM International and Freund Publishing House Ltd. Ohio. USA

4: Merck. ChemDAT The Merck Chemical Database Ver. 1.1.5

5: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
75th edition (1994) Edited by Lide,D.R. , CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, USA

6: General chemistry
7th edition (1984) Edited by Holtzclaw, Jr.,H.F., Robinson,W.R. & Nebergall,W.H. pp. 1-932. D.C. Heath and Company. Lexington

---

© Michael Pilgaard
Created: October 3, 2008
Last update: October 9, 2008