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Phosphorous


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Other names/abbreviations: P



Element no: 15
Element group: 15 (IUPAC)
V A (American labelling)
V B (European labelling)
Pnictogens
Element type: Nonmetals
CAS-Number: 7723-14-0
EINECS-Number: 231-768-7



Safety

Symbol: F
R-phrases: 11-16
S-phrases: 7-43


Physical properties

Appearance

Physical state @ 20°C: Solid [1]
Color: Dark red (red P) [3]. Phosphorus occurs in three major forms, white (or yellow), red and black (or violet).


Bulk properties

Molecular weight (g/mol): 30.973761(2) [1]
Melting point (°C): 44.15 [2]
590.45 (white)
956.15 (red)
Boiling point (°C): 277 [2]
826.15 (white)
Ignition temperature (°C): 300 (red) [3]
Density (g/cm3): 1.820 (white)
2.200 (red)
2.690 (black)


Thermodynamic properties

ΔfH°gas (kJ/mol): 316.5 (black) [2]
144.0 (P2) [2]
58.9 (P4) [2]
ΔfH°solid (kJ/mol): 0.0 (white) [2]
-17.6 (red) [2]
-39.3 (black) [2]
ΔH°fusion (kJ/mol): 0.66 [2]


S°gas (J/K·mol): 163.2 (black) [2]
218.1 (P2) [2]
28.0 (P4) [2]
S°solid (J/K·mol): 41.1 (white) [2]
22.8 (red) [2]


ΔfG°gas (kJ/mol): 280.1 (black) [2]
103.5 (P2) [2]
24.4 (P4) [2]
ΔfG°solid (kJ/mol): 23.824 (white, 25 °C) [2]


Cp (gas) (J/K·mol): 20.8 (black, 25 °C) [2]
32.1 (P2, 25 °C) [2]
67.2 (P4, 25 °C) [2]
Cp (solid) (J/K·mol): 23.8 (white, 25 °C) [2]
21.2 (red, 25 °C) [2]


Critical temperature (°C): 721 [2]


Crystal structure

Crystal type: HCP [2]


Electronic properties

Electron configuration: 1s2-2s2-2p6-3s2-3p3
Ionic radius (Å): P(V): 0.38 [1]
P(III): 0.44 [1]


References

1: Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. Chemistry of the elements
2nd edition (1997) Edited by Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. pp. 1-1340, Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford. Great Britain

2: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
75th edition (1994) Edited by Lide,D.R. , CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, USA

3: Merck. ChemDAT The Merck Chemical Database Ver. 1.1.5







© Michael Pilgaard
Created: October 4, 2008
Last update: October 9, 2008