Ruthenium
Main page |
| Other names/abbreviations: | Ru Vestium |
| Element no: | 44 |
| Element group: | 8 (IUPAC) VII B (American labelling) VII A (European labelling) |
| Element type: | Transition metals |
| CAS-Number: | 7440-18-8 |
| EINECS-Number: | 231-127-1 |
Safety
Symbol: -R-phrases: -
S-phrases: -
Physical properties
Appearance | ||
| Physical state @ 20°C: | Solid [4] | |
| Color: | Gray [4] | |
| Odor: | Odourless [4] | |
Bulk properties | ||
| Molecular weight (g/mol): | 101.07(2) [1] | |
| Melting point (°C): | 2334 [3] | |
| Boiling point (°C): | 4150 [3] | |
| Density (g/cm3): | 12.37 [1] | |
| Molar volume (cm3): | 8.18 (20 °C) [2] | |
| Elastic properties: Young's modulus (GPa): Rigidity modulus (GPa): Bulk modulus (GPa): Poissons ratio: |
420-432 [2] 173 [2] 286 [2] 0.25 [2] | |
Thermodynamic properties | ||
| ΔfH°gas (kJ/mol): | 640 (Monoatomic) [1] 642.7 [3] | |
| ΔfH°solid (kJ/mol): | 0.0 [3] | |
| ΔH°fusion (kJ/mol): | 38.59 [3] | |
| S°gas (J/K·mol): | 186.5 [3] | |
| S°solid (J/K·mol): | 28.5 [3] | |
| ΔfG°gas (kJ/mol): | 595.8 [3] | |
| Cp (gas) (J/K·mol): | 21.5 (25 °C) [3] | |
| Cp (solid) (J/K·mol): | 24.06 (25 °C) [3] | |
| Coeff. of linear thermal expansion (106 K-1): | 6.4 (25 °C) [3] | |
Crystal structure | ||
| Crystal type: | HCP [2] | |
Electronic properties | ||
 |
Electron configuration: | 1s2-2s2-2p6-3s2-3p6-3d10-4s2-4p6-4d7-5s1 |
| Ionic radius (Å): | Ru(VIII): 0.36 (4-coordinate) [1] Ru(VII): 0.38 (4-coordinate) [1] Ru(V): 0.565 (6-coordinate) [1] Ru(IV): 0.62 (6-coordinate) [1] Ru(III): 0.68 (6-coordinate) [1] | |
Conductivity | ||
| e°(V): | Ru(II)/Ru: 0.455 [1] Ru(III)/Ru(II): 0.249 [1] | |
| Electrical resisitvity (μΩ·cm): | 7.70 (20 °C) [2] 6.30 (25 °C) [2] | |
| Thermal (W/m·K): | 117 (27 °C) [3] | |
References
1: Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. Chemistry of the elements2nd edition (1997) Edited by Greenwood,N.N., Earnshaw,A. pp. 1-1340, Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford. Great Britain
2: Buch,A. Pure Metals Properties. A Scientific-Technical Handbook
1st edition (1999) Edited by Buch,A. pp. 1-306, ASM International and Freund Publishing House Ltd. Ohio. USA
3: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
75th edition (1994) Edited by Lide,D.R. , CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, USA
4: Merck. ChemDAT The Merck Chemical Database Ver. 1.1.5
© Michael Pilgaard
Created: October 6, 2008
Last update: October 9, 2008